The article is devoted to the topical problem of retaining spiritual dominants in modern language education. A comparative analysis of the linguocultural concept as an immanent anthropological phenomenon and the religious concept, understood as a theoanthropological phenomenon, is proposed. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the expediency of expanding the understanding of the linguocultural concept by introducing a special religious and ideological perspective of its consideration. Within the framework of the theolinguistic technology, which is based on the level approach to the description of the semantic explication of a religious concept developed by V. I. Postovalova, the article presents issues for understanding and experiencing the transcendence of the concept "Humility" and examines the "humble man" and the attitude towards him in Orthodox self-awareness (the poem "Merciful People of the Earth" ("Pechal’niki zemli") by A. V. Kruglov). A variant of a holistic linguo-conceptual reading of the poem by O. A. Sedakova "Sergius of Radonezh" is given in conjunction with its religious and ideological perspective. The research methods were the analysis of scientific sources, the method of scientific generalization, and the methods of linguo-conceptual research. The conclusion is made: in the context of the devaluation of words (names of concepts) that are important for national identity and the increasing juxtaposition of "letters" and "digits", modeling key linguocultural concepts in conjunction with their additional religious and ideological perspective brings the linguistic personality closer to understanding the deep meanings of the spiritual dominants of Russian linguoculture, thereby ensuring preservation of national identity.

Modern multilingualism in Kyrgyzstan is a unique phenomenon that is being shaped by ethnic diversity, globalization, and urbanization. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize key parental attitudes and practices in bilingual parenting in Kyrgyzstan in order to assess their impact on the preservation of national and cultural identity and the choice of educational strategies. The analysis focuses on the sociolinguistic tactics of parents, including the choice of language of communication, educational trajectories and cultural practices, and its impact on the formation of national and cultural identity of children. The objectives of this study are to describe the demographic and sociolinguistic profile of participating families, analyze the dominant language practices and parents’ attitudes towards bilingualism, identify their strategies for supporting both languages, and compare the empirical data obtained with existing bilingual education programs to develop recommendations for their improvement. The survey method, which included parents of bilingual children of different nationalities, revealed preferences and dilemmas in language choice, including the balance between preserving their native language and the prospects of learning in Russian. The study showed that the majority of families have a positive attitude towards bilingualism, considering it as an advantage for cognitive development and social adaptation of children. However, they are also aware of the risks of losing their national and cultural roots. The results of the study emphasize the need to strengthen balanced language policy and educational initiatives for the uniform development of bilingual skills. It is also important to integrate cultural traditions and modern technologies into the process of bilingual education in order to ensure the harmonious development of personality in a multilingual society.

K. F. Ryleev’s lyrics had no less an influence on the development of the lexical and stylistic system of the Russian literary language than his famous thoughts and poems. Its thematic and genre diversity, emotional richness, artistic and pictorial wealth stand out even against the background of the Golden Age of Russian poetry, which is quite representative in the above-mentioned aspects. A special study of Ryleev’s lyrics can significantly enrich linguistic stylistics and poetics, as well as introduce new data into the history of the Russian literary language. The above determines the relevance and scientific significance of this work. The main goal of the study is to show the role of Ryleev’s lyrics in the evolution of the genre and stylistic system of the Russian literary language of the Romantic era, i. e. the first quarter of the 19th century, and to identify its linguopoietic specificity. The leading methods were a cross-cutting onomasiological sample from lyrical texts, a linguostylistic analysis of the most indicative lexical units, and a systemic-semasiological interpretation of words and their groups. In some cases, the methods of historical stylistics, verse metrics, and general onomastics were used. As a result of the study, the features of the implementation of the system of lexical oppositions (stable antonyms) traditional for romantic poetics in Ryleev’s lyrics were revealed, the nature of the use of Slavicisms and high poeticisms was determined and described, the significance of Ryleev’s lyrics for establishing semantic and functional differentiation in the Russian literary language of individual words with full-voicedness and incomplete-voicedness was emphasized. An overview of anthroponyms in Ryleev’s poetic heritage was made and their artistic role was outlined, the contribution of Ryleev’s lyrics to the correction of semantic halos of some metric schemes was noted. The particular features of Ryleev’s idiostyle are revealed and illustrated: "non-established" vernacular, a tendency toward epithet tropeization, semantic enrichment of lexemes with the help of simple applications. A conclusion is made about the influence of Ryleev’s poetic creativity on the formation of the genre-stylistic system of the language of Russian literature, on the consolidation of the vocabulary of civil topics and the methods of its use.

The article examines the story "Youth and Old Age" in a broad historical, cultural and ethical-philosophical context, which, in its thematic orientation, gravitates towards the cycle of travel memories that developed in the work of I. A. Bunin in the mid-1930s and compiled one of the writer’s last books – "In the spring, in Judea. Rose of Jericho" (1953). In it included works whose realistic nature, enriched by modernist aesthetics, was filled with symbolic imagery, allegorical valence, realized in stable genre forms, one of them is a parable. The purpose of the article is to give a systematic analysis of the poetics of I. A. Bunin’s story "Youth and Old Age" in the unity of paradigmatics and syntagmatics, revealing in it the meaningful and semantic core, which is the parable of the old Kurd about the essence of human existence, about the life limit released to man by God. To realize this goal, historical-genetic, genre-typological, structural- semantic research methods, elements of cognitive studies (literary and linguistic conceptology) were used, especially to verify the allegorical potential of the plot-forming opposition of youth/old age, neutralized by the very artistic logic of the Bunin story. As a result of the study, the genre range of the parable was determined, specific forms and methods of organizing the plot at the motif-shaped and verbal-style levels of text generation were established, the semantic volume of the concepts of "Youth," "Old age" and their demonstrative diffusion, realized in the conceptual formula "young old age."

This article is devoted to the study of the semantics of the word love in the story by A. I. Kuprin "Granatovyi Braslet" ("Garnet Bracelet"). The purpose of the work is to consider the role of repetitions-reflections in the compositional and speech structure of the story "Garnet Bracelet". The linguostylistic method of analysis allows us to correlate the speech fabric of the work and its deep meanings. The main object of our attention is the system of meanings of the word love. The study of co- and oppositions of different meanings of the lexeme leads to the realization that there are two poles in the story – "exceptional" and "true" love, and all other variants of meanings, as a rule, with a negative connotation, are a reflection of "exceptional" love in a crooked mirror. Zheltkov’s "exceptional" (= unearthly) love is gradually freed from the notes of irony and mockery that degrade it throughout the story and is elevated to the rank of high tragedy in the "prose poem" that takes shape in the mind of Princess Vera when she listens to Beethoven’s sonata. "Real" (= earthly) love is presented in the family relations of the Sheins as a natural continuation of "passionate love" that did not fade away after marriage, although it changed its forms of expression.

The article, using the word form malost’, demonstrates the semantic-grammatical shifts occurring in the structure of linguistic units subject to gradual adverbialisation in the Russian language. The chosen subject matter is relevant since the stages, distinctive features, and limits of the transposition of nouns into the subclass of quantitative adverbs have not been thoroughly investigated yet. The study aims to identify and comprehensively analyse substantival word forms representing various stages of proper grammatical transposition into adverbs of quantity and degree in typical contexts. The theoretical significance of the research is determined by the fact that it further develops the concept of part-of-speech transition and syncretism. The article establishes the specific features of the peripheral zones of nouns and denominative adverbs as well as hybrid, substantive-adverbial formations. The study employed descriptive, oppositional, transformational, and contextual analysis in conjunction with a linguistic experiment. The research materials included lexicographic interpretations of the word form malost’ (English a bit) presented in dictionaries as a noun and an adverb and contexts of their use obtained from the Russian National Corpus. The author’s own examples were partially used as well. The article shows that the word form malost’ gradually weakens and loses the properties of the original noun class on the way to adverbs of quantity and degree and acquires the features of quantitative adverbs. The word form is established to clearly exhibit the semantic-grammatical properties of the substantive word class in the core zone of nouns. The first step towards adverbs is found in the periphery zone of nouns. It is associated with semantic-syntactic shifts in the word form structure. The hybrid, i. e., substantive-adverbial, structure is characterised by dual properties. The adverbialisation limit for the word form malost’ (English a bit) is the zone of peripheral adverbs that do not violate the semantic identity of the original lexemes. The article substantiates the thesis that the adverbialisation of the word form malost’ is exclusively grammatical in nature. The research results can be used in the practice of teaching Russian grammar in higher and vocational educational institutions. Moreover, they can be employed to create a transpositional grammar of the Russian language.

The article examines the group of synonyms of fixed similes (hereinafter FS) with the common seme ‘to wait’. The analysis was performed in the context of general assessment of the way the linguistic philosophical category of time is represented in the comparative phraseology system. On the one hand, the research is relevant due to the importance of time as one of the fundamental categories of human existence. On the other hand, there is an obvious lack of specialised studies in which Russian comparative phraseology would be examined through the prism of conveying the most important philosophical categories in it. Using text fragments from fiction and opinion journalism, the article aims to (a) identify integral semes that ensure the interchangeability of FS synonyms; (b) show the distinctive features of using those synonyms of the group that reflect the differential features of their comparative semantics. The study was conducted employing contextual, componential, and definitional analysis. To identify the semantic distinctive features of the FS included in the group of synonyms with the common basic feature ‘to wait’, the facts of structural variation of prototypical comparative units were used. Moreover, the article analysed the sustained metaphors related to these units and examined the techniques of their author’s transformation. The article concludes that each fixed comparative unit in the group of synonyms has distinctive features at the levels of semantics, compatibility, and pragmatics. While semantic affinity is determined by the unity of the concept associated with the basic feature (component C of the comparative structure), then the specificity of each of the compared units is related to the difference in the figurative basis (component B). The material presented in the article proves the thesis about the vivid imagery of fixed similes which does not fade due to their repeated use. Moreover, such imagery is clearly indicative of the main purpose of comparative phraseology, i. e., to reflect individual manifestations of certain features and their qualitative characteristics. The comparison with phraseological units and other set expressions shows that the repertoire of individual linguistic realisations of the semantics of expectation presented in the FS system of the Russian language is unique. It finds expression exclusively in the sphere of comparative phraseology.

The article studies certain subsystems of the functional-semantic field of graduality in the Russian language. These include lexical, lexico-grammatical, and syntactic means of expressing adverbial degree semantics in simple and complex sentences which are examined from the perspective of isomorphism manifestation. The article is relevant since it identifies a common mechanism in the study area under consideration. The mechanism represents an unobvious manifestation of isomorphism, thus deepening the understanding of its scope. The article aims to analyse the options of using the consecutive clause pattern of indirect expression of degree semantics in simple and complex sentences as a vivid example of isomorphism. The article established the fact of isomorphism manifested in the presence of a common pattern employed to indirectly convey the semantics of degree. In simple and complex sentences, this meaning is often expressed through reference to the consequence from the corresponding degree of development or manifestation of a feature. This pattern is shown to be realised as a subordinate clause with the consecutive conjunction chto (English that) in a complex sentence. In a simple sentence, it is realised in adverbs like izumitelno (English amazingly), neperedavayemo (English indescribably) as well as in the prepositional case construction do (English to) + noun in the genitive case (do bezumiya, English to distraction; do nevozmozhnosti, English to the extreme). The study pays assiduous attention to those means of expressing degree semantics which are based on the consecutive clause pattern in a simple sentence as well as to the regular synonymy of adverbs and the prepositional-case construction. The article demonstrates the regular correlation of the ways used to express degree semantics based on the consecutive clause pattern by means of simple and complex sentences. The possibility of mutual transformation of these means is also shown. The consecutive clause pattern, which has a regular character, was found to ensure a wide involvement of lexemes with initially different semantics to perform the functions of a degree modifier in a simple sentence. The study employed componential, contextual, comparative, and transformational analysis.

The article examines derivational neologisms (including occasionalisms) identified as a result of analysing texts obtained from a popular internet forum. These coinages constitute a local subsystem, namely a word family where the base word is the onym daland. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to clarify the distinctive features of internet discourse as a dynamically developing linguistic object which reflects active processes in modern Russian word-formation. The research aims to identify the structural, semantic, and stylistic features of the system of onym-based neoderivatives (as well as the individual components of the system) in conjunction with the fulfillment of specific communicative-pragmatic objectives. The study was conducted using descriptive, structural-semantic, semantic- stylistic, structural-functional, and functional-stylistic analysis. As a result of examining the empirical material, the analysed word family was found to include mainly word-formation pairs. Short word-formation chains are less common. However, many of them are organised into word-formation clusters. Suffixation, compounding proper, and blending demonstrate a significant degree of productivity. Prefixes, suffixoids, linguistic contamination, as well as a combination of linguistic contamination and blending are employed somewhat less frequently. Other methods are rare. The use of the above-mentioned methods is often accompanied by stylistic devices, the major one being stylistic inconsistency (stylistic contrast). The semantic-stylistic features of word-formation units (word-formation methods, specific word-formation patterns and affixes) enable internet users to emphasise conceptually significant features of phenomena being named, as well as to express their attitudes towards such phenomena. Thematic semantic groups of derivatives ("Life stance", "Similarity", "Attitude (assessment)", and others) reveal a connection with relevant aspects of discussions. Consequently, the word family can be viewed as a form of reflecting the surrounding reality and, in particular, the image of a particular internet user.

The article summarises the experience of holding the All-Russia student competition for the best research work which focuses on the personality of the literature teacher and their role in the formation of the cultural and educational space of Russia. The competition has been held jointly by Vologda State University and Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University since 2021. This competition is relevant since it is necessary to maintain professional continuity in the field of philological education. In addition, it is important to comprehend the academic legacy of philology classics to meet new scientific objectives. Yet another reason is the demand for mentor teachers’ methodological experience in the practice of modern school work. Over the five years the competition has existed, its category composition has taken shape. A circle of Russian and foreign experts has been formed as part of the competition jury. In addition, the practice of preparing students participating in the competition has been systematised. Moreover, the appropriateness of combining the written component (a scientific article) with an oral public defence of the paper in the competition format has been confirmed. However, there arose content-related problems as well as organisational and methodological issues. The identified challenges made it difficult to conduct the competition and hindered its popularisation in academia and in the eyes of the general teacher community. This paper aims to comment on the results of organising and holding the All-Russia competition for the best student research work "The teacher of language and literature and his role in the formation of the cultural and educational space" in 2021–2025. The other goals include noting the contribution of various Russian universities to the implementation of the competition ideas; proposing possible solutions to the above problems; determining the possibilities for its continuation in the socio-cultural situation of modern Russia.

The article examines the structure and content of the university textbook on linguistics by A. A. Reformatsky, analyzes the scientific and methodological principles of building a classical textbook that has shaped the scientific worldview of several generations of philologists. The discussion of the structure and thematic content of a classical textbook is especially important in the context of creating new textbooks and curriculum during the restructuring of the language component of higher and secondary education. This paper examines the structure of the textbook, the topics presented, the content of chapters and individual sections, and the principle of selecting illustrative examples from various languages of the world. The "framework" structure of the textbook is discussed, according to which the introductory and final paragraphs are devoted to general topics, namely, the representation of the structure and functioning of language in society, the description of the historical development of the language, while the central place is given to sections of linguistics exploring the levels of the language system: lexicology, phonetics and phonology, grammar (morphology and syntax), typological classifications of language, etc. The analysis of the choice of topics in the course on introduction to linguistics and the selection of linguistic facts demonstrate a highly structured presentation and balanced material presented in the textbook. The thoughtful composition of the textbook, the illustrative material and the bright, lively author’s style contributed to the fact that the textbook on linguistics by A. A. Reformatsky still remains a classic, exemplary university textbook.

The article contains some facts of the biography of Doctor of Philology, Professor Vera Vasilyevna Babaytseva (1925–2016) and a brief overview of her creative legacy. A list of 12 monographs on linguistic and linguistic methodological problems is given, the main ideas and concepts introduced by the scientist into the metalanguage of linguistics are outlined, the concept of synchronous transitivity and the transitivity scale as a research tool and a means of visualizing its results are discussed in the most detail. It is shown how the linguistic concept is implemented in school textbooks, which have become the basis of three educational and methodological complexes. The article describes the scientific school that was formed in the 80s of the XX century during conferences on the problems of multidimensional, transitional and syncretism in the grammar of modern Russian and the publication of collections of scientific papers. Information is given about scientific seminars in memory of Professor V. V. Babaytseva: "Transitional phenomena in language and speech" (2021), "Multidimensional units of language and speech" (2022–2025) and on the preparation of a collective monograph based on their results.