In our rapidly changing world, young people inevitably face the negative impact of technological progress on the development of mental processes. Thus, the issue of overcoming digital natives’ fragmentary perception is an urgent objective of modern science. The author aims to present the results of studying verbal painting as a means to develop the perception integrity of art works and speech utterances in the context of the 21st century challenges. Research methods included scientific and methodological literature analysis; modelling the verbal drawing teaching process; generalization of language and literature teachers’ experience, including the author’s own experience; generalisation of the results of pedagogical experiments; an analysis of written works by students in years 5 to 7. As a result, the study has identified the principles for preparing schoolchildren for verbal painting in Russian language and literature lessons. They are as follows: concentration on ideas, specification and detailing of ideas, imagination boosting, emotional involvement, subjective modality. The paper also provides examples of exercises and assignments for implementing these principles. In order to demonstrate their effectiveness, samples of students’ works are analysed. Conclusions. The principles of preparation for verbal painting that the article formulates contribute to the integrity of the perception of the world around us and help overcome its fragmentary nature. After such instruction, schoolchildren acquire the ability to create complete verbal pictures accompanied by details and expressive elements.

Continuing professional development is considered as a form of lifelong learning. The paper describes the experience of problematising the interdisciplinary professional development course "Linguoconceptology: methods and techniques for working with concepts". The main aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of the new scientific field on the student’s motivation for academic and scientific work in the professional development process, as well as on its effectiveness expressed in the desire to use the methods and techniques of methodological linguoconceptology in researchand practical activity. The main research methods were system and problem analysis when making the problem statement in conjunction with the content analysis and questionnaire methods. The study reveals the mechanism of interaction between three resources, namely scientific (an invitation to comprehend new ideas and concepts of modern science), methodological (which is particularised in authorial techniques and anthropopractices), and students’ motivated activity as a marker of their effective completion of the course syllabus. The motivational activity resource was involved in two assignment types, i. e. testing and solving practice-oriented problems. We performed content analysis of the course participants’ products. The paper presents the results of studying the trainees’ motivated activity. The most important principle for the professional development system is the immediate application of what has been learnt.

The paper describes the life path of the prominent scholar Pyotr Onisimovich Afanasyev. P. O. Afanasyev developed a methodology for teaching the native language in elementary school originated by F. I. Buslaev and K. D. Ushinsky. In his works, he also gave a detailed description of the basic concepts of methodology as a science froma historical perspective. The scientist designed a course in Russian language teaching methodology for vocational and higher educational institutions, prepared textbooks and study aids of various types which have gone through many editions.P. O. Afanasyev contributed enormously to training teachers taking professional development courses. The paper presents the methodologist’s main works and outlines his pedagogical views and ideas. Among these ideas are adopt ingthe activity approach to learning, using active forms of class organisation, paying attention to students’ oral speech development, and increasing students’ general cultural level through teaching Russian. The study focuses on the issues of students’ speech culture and speaking skills enhancement, which are reflected in almost all methodological writings of P. O. Afanasyev. The article also provides examples of specific assignments and best practices. The research relied on the analysis of scientific, teaching and learning, reference, and popular science materials, as well as the search and descriptive methods. The article concludes that P. O. Afanasyev contributed significantly to the development of Russian language teaching methodology in primary and secondary school. He also promoted the development of the system ofteaching the Russian language to non-Russian students. The paper highlights the enduring value of the scientist’s ideas, his approaches to teaching Russian. Many of them remain in demand under modern conditions as well.

The article examines the neologisms used in the text of E.   Zamyatin ’s novel "We". The aim is to identify their types and determine their functions in the work. The research establishes the total number of word-formation innovations and concludes that potential words, primarily compound adjectives and adverbs, predominate in the inventory of neologisms in the text of the novel "We". Research methods: using word-formation analysis, the types of new formations are established. The functions of neoderivatives in the text are determined and systematised based on structural-semantic and linguostylistic analysis. The study identifies the primary methods of creating neologisms (compounding, compounding-suffixation,  blending,  suffixation)  and  highlights  several  genuine  occasionalisms  created  by  Zamyatin. The research demonstrates that the neologisms in the novel are multifunctional. They serve to create figurative characterisations of the personae, as well as the depicted phenomena and objects. Moreover, these neologisms perform the characterological and compression functions in conjunction with the nominative function proper (denote the realities of the Unified State). They contribute to the development of the recurring motifs in the work and largely determine its leitmotif structure. The paper emphasises that the nature of the neologisms in the novel "We" reflects the characteristics of E.  Zamyatin ’s individual style as a  whole and is associated with the aesthetic principles of neorealism the writer substantiated (creation of integral images, conveyance of visual impressions, and others).

The cultural memory phenomenon is relevant for modern humanities, but no linguistic research methodology has been developed for it yet. Nevertheless, it was philologists and semioticians (J. Assman, M. Yu. Lotman, and others) who laid the foundation for studying this type of collective (social) memory. An effective tool for linguistic research into cultural memory can be the precedent phenomena theory developed by Academician Yu. N.  Karaulov, his students and adherers. This article is based on the cultural memory and linguistic precedent concepts and presents part of the results of a   largescale linguosociological experiment. It aims to analyse fragments of young contemporaries ’ precedent knowledge, including those dating back to the novels by I.  Ilf and E.   Petrov. The results of the experimental data analysis are representative enough to establish which and to what extent preserved precedent phenomena related to the dilogy are relevant for the Russian-speaking secondary school and university students ’ thesaurus. The experimental results appear to be ambivalent. On the one hand, they explicate a certain, albeit low, degree of preservation of a  few precedent statements from the novels (primarily, these are units actively used in advertising and passing into the category of proverbs, such as  Avtomobil – neroskosh, a sredstvo peredvizheniya / A  car is not a  luxury, but a  means of transportation ; Na blyudechke s  goluboi kayomochkoi / On a silver platter). On the other hand, they conclusively prove both the presence of a   generational gap between the precedent knowledge of Soviet readers (the older generation) and young people. Additionally, the results indicate the high degree of precedent phenomena agnonymy dating back to the dilogy. Thus, the research reveals the loss of historically significant units of a modern young Russian’s cultural memory.

The need for a holistic linguistic analysis of such a little-studied literary phenomenon as Russian expressionism determines the relevance of the research. Analysis can be performed through systematising the ways of conveying expressivity as an aesthetic norm of this movement. These means include the intensity category representants distinguished by the pragmatically fixed function of impact enhancers. In addition, studying the versatile literary creativity of L.  N. Andreev, "the first expressionist in Russian prose", we can comprehend the unique features of the writer ’s individual style from new perspectives while analysing his intensification solutions. The article aims to study the expressive potential of different-level intensity-expressing means considering the expressionistic tendencies in creating the key image of the city in "one of the most ʻhighly publicised’ works" by L.   N.  Andreev, i. e. the story "The Curse of the Beast". The linguistic material was selected using the continuous sampling method. Contextual analysis identified the specific features of actualising the meanings of certain intensity representants. Definitional analysis made it possible to identify the presence/absence of an intensifying component in the semantics of a   particular word. Linguostylistic analysis was used to deter mine the specifics of the intensification mechanism while studying the author’s individual style. The article concludes that the use of means of expressing intensity, which on the pages of the story become a way of categorising the expressionist world perception, is a  specific technique for influencing the reader ’s perception when describing the city. At the level of linguistic organisation of the text, the study has demonstrated how urban space is presented in deformed images   – visual, temporal, auditory   – with the help of the means expressing such semantics. They are grouped around the dominant textual concepts of "quantity", "size", "speed", "temperature", "extent", "sound". Moreover, when creating an urban text, L.   N.  Andreev shifts the focus from the usual description of the setting to "visible emotions" (which is in the spirit of the expressionist movement) with the help of abundant multielement linguistic units.

The  article  critically  examines  various  educational  pronouncing  (orthoepic)  dictionaries  and  states  the main objections to the quality of such resources. Criticism centres on the irregularities in the transcription rules adopted in school textbooks; phonetic and orthoepic errors; mixing orthoepic information with other linguistic phenomena; the issue of age-related adaptation of school dictionaries; insufficient relevance of pronunciation instructions; criteria for glossary compilation. The analysis demonstrated the need for creating a   new educational dictionary, a   Dictionary of Russian Pronunciation Difficulties, for years 5 to 11. It was compiled at the V. V.  Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the editorship of M.  L.  Kalenchuk and D. M. Savinov. The cornerstone of this lexicographic source is the idea that normative recommendations in dictionaries should be based on the actual speech practices of educated people. The article justifies the choice of the pronouncing dictionary type and argues for a   dictionary of difficulties rather than an orthoepic dictionary proper. We provide comprehensive criteria for compiling a  dictionary glossary and structuring a  dictionary entry. The paper also formulates the principles of normative evaluation of stress and pronunciation of sounds used in codification, as well as the system of permissive and prohibitive standard notes. If necessary, the Dictionary entries provide additional orthoepic data about obsolete pronunciation variants, folk poetic and professional accentual features, stress variants and pronunciation of sounds specific to phraseological units. Information about obsolete variants found in fiction is illustrated and verified with examples from poetic texts.

The article describes the principles of compiling the Rare Vocabulary Dictionary based on school curriculum literature  (hereinafter referred to as the Dictionary) and its methodological potential for being used as an electronic educational resource in teaching schoolchildren. Moreover, the study examines the specific features of the Dictionary in comparison with similar existing lexicographic publications. The Dictionary creation is relevant as there is a   need to make Russian classical literature texts more understandable for the modern reader. As a result, the resource can promote the culture of reading literary texts and the formation of students’ linguistic personality, as well as enhance learning efficiency. The Dictionary materials were comprised of Russian authors’ works included in the school literature curriculum for years 5 to 11. The paper pays particular attention to the innovative solutions concerning the principles of glossary compilation and dictionary entry creation. The research relied on corpus linguistics methodology and its tools for working with text, which enabled us to select vocabulary based on objective criteria (low frequency in modern Russian) and describe the meaning of a  particular word relying on the entire set of contexts of its use in the literature under study. The focus of lexicographic interpretation was an extensive layer of rare vocabulary of various semantic groups (including proper names and occasionalisms) and different parts of speech. Semantic description demonstrates the history of word meanings in the language in conjunction with contextual interpretation of a  lexical unit. The entries contain encyclopedic information and a   detailed cultural and/or philological commentary. Maximal attention is given to authorial neologisms. Some entries are accompanied by images of the item being described. The Dictionary is implemented as a  module of the new   Russian Classics   cross platform mobile application. The article also describes the operating principles and capabilities of the application.

Determinologisation is one of the actively growing tendencies in the modern Russian language development. However, the complex process of adapting a specialised lexeme to the general linguistic environment, its definition and criteria remain a controversial issue in modern linguistics, which determines the relevance of this study. The article aims to consider one way of transforming a term into a commonly used word. Based on the material of mass media texts of the 1990–2020s, the study traces the discursive migration path of the QR code term. The transformation of this term essential for modern society was complicated by the new loan word assimilation and consisted in a gradual transition from a term to a colloquial word. The research relied on distributional, source study, and corpus analysis in conjunction with comparative and statistical methods (using the "Integrum" database and the scientific electronic library elibrary.ru) when analysing the lexical material from the semantic, statistical, and functional perspectives to make reliable generalisations and obtain new conclusions. The article examines the process of adaptation to the Russian language environment the foreign language abbreviation, namely the first component of the word QR code, underwent. This adaptation is embodied in the functionally unrestricted variants k’yuar-kod/kuar-kod/kyuar-kod and in the colloquial variantskverkod/kver-kod/kiarkodkuar/k’yuar/k’yu-kod/kyuar/kyur-kod. Neutral variants are also analysed from the stand point of the principles of Russian orthography and norms. As one determinologisation stage, the study considers the process of semantic development of the neutral variants QR-kod/k’yuar-kod/kuar-kod/kyuar-kod, their derivational activity, and involvement in language game. The article also reveals extralinguistic factors that impacted on various stages of the QR code adaptation by the language environment. These include the approval of the QR code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as a standard for mobile phones (2011) and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020).

The article examines the formation and development history of one pattern of descriptive geographic names in Russian toponymy, namely gorod na reke (English city on the river). This pattern is the basis for groups of astyonyms, comonyms, and railway station names. Historical and lexicological analysis of using the preposition na (Englishon/upon) in prepositional case constructions presented in extant Russian written texts and subdialects made it possible to propose a chronology of the pattern emergence. The article shows the pattern distribution in Slavic and non-Slavic toponymy. The research has revealed the productivity dynamics of the pattern, its current status, and hidden potential nominative capabilities.

In the article we make an attempt to describe one of the semantic aspects of the word nastavnik in the18th century Russian language. Using text sources we demonstrate that in the 18th century the word in question was till somehow related to the idea of a guide, pathfinder, fellow traveler, which had been characteristic of its earlier occurences. This fact is particularly well documented in religious writings as well as in translations and bilingual dictionaries. Nevertheless, secular non-lexicographic text monuments of the time also feature some of the examples in question. We also claim that the semantic structure of the corresponding article in the "Dictionary of the 18th century Russian language "should be revised in order to include the aforementioned component of meaning.

The article discusses the main stages of analysing the agnonym kurtina ( curtain wall/clump). An agnonymis a lexical unit unfamiliar to native speakers. Words from Russian classical literature often become agnonymsfor modern youth who just skip unfamiliar lexemes while reading texts. Thus, such lexical units do not enrich schoolchildren’s vocabulary and remain incomprehensible and unrecognis able in other contexts. Drawing on the example of working with the agnonym kurtina when studying other unknown/forgotten units, the authors suggest using a linguistic questionnaire to identify unfamiliar words. Additionally, we recommend employing dictionary data and contexts obtained from the Russian National Corpus in order to trace the semantic transformation of these lexemes. While working with the word kurtina in Russian language classes, we were able to assume that the lexical status of this word changed at the beginning of the 21st century. One of its meanings has ceased to be obsolete passing into the layer of general professional vocabulary.