METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIENCE
The article aims to comprehend the fundamental role of value-based Russian language teaching in modern education. The key points of the speeches delivered by Russian President Vladimir Putin, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, and Minister of Education of the Russian Federation S. S. Kravtsov are related to the preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values. Therefore, the thirty-year activity of the scientific school Axiological linguistic methodology: the worldview and value aspects in school and university teaching of the Russian language, the leader of which is Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Methods of Teaching the Russian Language at the Institute of Philology of MPSU, is A. D. Deikina, winner of the Russian state award - the A. S. Pushkin medal, the K. D. Ushinsky medal, is becoming more relevant than ever. We used analysis of scientific research in the field of axiological linguistic methodology and scientific generalisation to characterise the activities of the scientific school whose origins relate to M. T. Baranov’s concept of schoolchildren’s linguistic worldview formation. Moreover, we outlined the key positions of axiological linguistic methodology substantiated in the concept of A. D. Deikina and thirteen postdoctoral studies of her students as scientific areas developing the idea of value-based Russian language teaching at school and university. The postdoctoral research conducted within the framework of the scientific school of axiological linguistic methodology with A. D. Deikina as the scientific advisor developed the leading linguistic methodological approaches to Russian language teaching. Drawing on the Russian canonical methodologists’ ideas, the members of the Moscow Methodological Scientific School create and predict promising ways of developing higher and school education in the Russian Federation, expand the research space in different regions of this country, increase the scientific status of methodological science, and contribute to the success of interpersonal and intercultural communication in Russian. The works of those who represent the axiological linguistic methodological scientific school, as well as other like-minded researchers have a beneficial effect on the creation of a holistic value picture of the world using the Russian language in modern education.
The article considers the applied aspects of onomastics and is related to the major issue of collecting modern nicknames which students (schoolchildren and students) may encounter as part of their academic work and research activity. Since it is fundamentally impossible to record all unofficial anthroponyms, the study focuses on the issue of the effectiveness of various material collection methods, namely questionnaires and survey forms as the main ones, conversations, observations, and sampling data from various sources as secondary techniques. In particular, the article specifies the structure of the questionnaires used by the author in tabular form. Moreover, the presented detailed survey forms for obtaining individual and collective nicknames developed by the author are based on the recommendations given in previous studies as well as the author’s own experience. The proposed questionnaires and survey forms can be used in academic work and research activity within the framework of scientific projects. The paper also identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The article discusses the specific features of field work in rural settlements and under stationary data collection conditions. The objective of certifying the obtained materials is raised. It is concluded that involving students in onomastic data collection as part of their academic work and research activity can help in solving relevant scientific issues.
The article considers the issue of finding effective ways to organise integrative orthography revision while preparing for the OGE in the Russian language. The aim is to propose, justify, and characterise one of such possible ways, namely the creation of educational videos by schoolchildren (using the example of preparing for task 6 of the Russian language OGE). The main research methods included theoretical (analysis of scientific and educational literature, normative documentation), empirical (scientific observation of the educational process in middle school and pedagogical experiment), and statistical (quantitative analysis of the obtained experimental data and their processing) ones. The article analyses the content and format of OGE task 6. Based on this analysis, the main reasons for the difficulties that schoolchildren experience in orthographic word parsing are revealed. The paper identifies the stages of work on creating educational videos (organisational, information search and processing, script writing, creating a presentation, voice acting, and recording a video). Moreover, the article describes the activities of the teacher and students at each stage. The experience of team designing an educational video discussing the topic "Prefixes ending in -z (-s)" is presented. Based on the analysis of the data from the control stage of the experiment, the study concludes that the proposed method of organising integrative orthography revision is effective. The materials presented in the article (an algorithm for doing OGE task 6; the author’s educational orthography videos) can be used in Russian language teachers’ practice to train students for completing orthographic tasks in the Russian language OGE.
LITERARY TEXT ANALYSIS
The article considers the most important linguopoetic and linguostylistic characteristics of A. N. Radishchev’s "A Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow". The research also focuses on the precedent phenomena in the text of the book, its connections with the European artistic tradition, and influence on the Russian literary language evolution, as well as on particular genres of Russian literature. The text is examined against the background of the dominant literary canons of sentimentalism at the time of its writing; the author creatively mastered some of these canons. Radishchev developed his individual style which synthesised three main linguistic elements: emotional-sensual, civic rhetorical, and common colloquial. Each of them is characterised by a certain set of linguistic means that are compositionally anchored in the text. The figurative devices of classicistic poetics, tropeic expressiveness, refined linguistic expressions borrowed from Western literature, and vocabulary new for the late 18th century form the compositional parts characteristic of the journey as a distinct literary genre. A. N. Radishchev uses Slavicisms, archaic morphological forms and obsolete syntactic constructions, neologisms based on Church Slavonic patterns to create high civic pathos and embody freedom-loving ideas. Low colloquial speech, folk phraseology, folklore inserts, aphorisms, and mixtures of styles shape the author’s narrative fragments and reflections related to specific life situations.
The article studies the poetics of V. M. Shukshin’s short prose. The research aims to present a holistic linguopoetic analysis of a particular work and to describe the author’s image in it. The material for the study was the short story "The Visitant" dating back to the period of V. M. Shukshin’s later writings. The text was examined on the basis of a linguopoetic approach in conjunction with functional-immanent and retrospective-projective methods. The paper characterises the short story genre, analyses its formal and content organisation, compositional and speech structure, as well as the level of the linguistic means representing the narrator’s and the characters’ speech parts. The study has established that, from the standpoint of the genre characteristics, "The Visitant" is a novella. It is characterised by a succinct plot, laconic narrative, retrospective episodes that form the existential chronotope, a paradoxical situation, theatricality, controversial plot dynamics, an unexpected ending, and instantaneous insight into life. The analysis reveals that in the compositional and speech structure of the short story the dominant speech layer is the speech part of the character. It is represented by dialogue or internal dialogised monologue. The dialogue shapes the severity of the conflict between the characters, i. e. the bearers of different chronotopes. The narrator’s speech performs the function of a dramatic commentary remark. The article identifies the peculiarity of the manifestation of the author’s "I" in the story "The Visitant". The author’s image is characterised by dynamism, which is determined, on the one hand, by dialogue as the main form of speech, and on the other hand, by the narrator’s shifting across the spatiotemporal perspective of the text.
Function words, for instance, simple prepositions, have significant potential for meaning making and are an important element of the grammatical structure of the text, which, along with the lexical one, is involved in creating the imagery of an artwork. The insufficient knowledge of the semantic charge of simple prepositions in F. I. Tyutchev’s poetic texts determined the relevance of this study. The research aims to develop a typology of the prepositional-case constructions with the preposition ot (English from) and determine their place in the authors’ dictionary of the poet’s vocabulary. To analyse the 118 uses of phrases with the preposition ot obtained from the "Concordance of the Complete Poems of F. I. Tyutchev. A–Z", we employed the descriptive method in conjunction with observation techniques; generalisation of the material; componential analysis (identification of semantic components of the meaning of the preposition ot); distributional analysis that enabled us to identify the combinability of the preposition ot with other linguistic units. When describing the meanings of prepositional-case constructions with the preposition ot, we considered the morphological and semantic features of the head and dependent words included in the phrases with case government. The study identified and analysed the object, adverbial (locative, temporal, causal, of manner), and attributive relations realised in prepositional-case constructions. Additionally, we specified additional meanings acquired by prepositional combinations in poetic texts. The research shows that constructions with the preposition ot form a fragment of the authors’ dictionary of F. I. Tyutchev’s language.
LINGUISTICS
The article examines the specific features of Russian coordinating conjunctions, first and foremost primary i (English and), a (English while, and), no (English but), da (English but, and). The prepositions are examined from the standpoint of the activity approach to the description of linguistic units, i. e., considering the actions of the speaker using these conjunctions, as well as the listener who, thanks to them, receives the information necessary to understand a coherent text. Particular attention is given to the primary conjunctions due to their key role in text organisation. Numerous compound conjunctions and prepositions only develop some of the subtleties of connection against the background of text organisation. Data from several foreign languages are also used to expand the picture since the system of simple coordinating conjunctions in Russian is unique and finds no exact correspondence in other languages. The conjunctions are semantically described taking into account their general meanings and functions. A new interpretation is proposed for the conjunction da. The functions of the conjunctions are associated with the communicators’ activity. During interaction, the speaker partially prompts what kind of information the listener will get. In particular, the conjunction i and its analogues in many other languages indicate that something similar to the previous message will be communicated. The conjunction no shows a violation of the addressee’s expectation, and this function is also very common in the world’s languages. In a few languages there are more subtle indications of the subsequent message content. For example, one can use the conjunction a in Russian to warn that something new, but not necessarily contradictory to the previous information, will be communicated. Finally, it remains possible to signal the addition of information suggesting its exhaustiveness, which is expressed with the conjunction da in a few of its meanings. Marking precisely such semantic relations enables one to draw a conclusion about possible connections between sentences in the text and the presupposition in it regarding the course of the narration.
LINGUISTIC NOTES
The article examines newspaper headlines produced using precedent phenomena, and thereby they act as effective linguistic mechanisms for creating media text attractiveness. The research material is comprised of newspaper headlines obtained from the online versions of "Rossiiskaya Gazeta" texts for 2023 and 2024. We used cognitive discourse analysis in conjunction with a comprehensive methodology for examining active processes in language. We assume that headlines convey certain information about the text content and can perform text-forming and evaluative functions. The study analysed the sources of headlines based on precedent phenomena, types of precedent text transformation, functions of using precedent texts to create newspaper headlines in the modern Internet media language. The research shows that precedent text sources in the headings are well-known works of literature and art, phraseological units and proverbs, the so-called catchphrases, other set expressions and clich es. Structural-semantic, semantic proper, and pragma-semantic models for transforming original precedent texts were identified. The paper also characterises such functions of using precedent text in headlines as the informative, text-forming, persuasive, expressive, evaluative, and attraction functions. We conclude that the considerable persuasive, attractive, and evaluative potential of precedent phenomena in headlines is most often realised in transformed precedent texts. This is associated with the foregrounding of cultural information known to readers due to its link to a specific precedent phenomenon. New information relevant to a particular author in a particular text is superimposed on the familiar cultural information in a figurative, playful form.
The article presents a fragment of a study examining the ergonymy of intra-urban objects in Moscow. The research focuses on ergonyms created on the basis of the Russian language. The study aims to find out what names of commercial enterprises are more attractive to city residents, which of them provoke positive, neutral, or negative emotions. The material for the study included the names of commercial enterprises in Moscow formed with the techniques of retrohybridisation, quasi-naming, anti-orthography, superimposition of words, and allusion. During the study, 2700 names of commercial enterprises located on the signs, bracket panels, and in the shop windows of establishments in the main streets of Moscow were collected. The selected ergonyms were classified according to their formation methods. A survey involving 90 respondents of different ages and educational backgrounds was conducted as well. The data obtained during the survey were processed using statistical analysis. Based on the experimental results, the study revealed that ergonyms with letters from the pre-revolutionary script had positive evaluations more often. Also, they were the most memorable. The largest number of negative evaluations was given to the names with a deliberate distortion of the Russian orthographic norm. Drawing on the data obtained, the paper formulates recommendations to those who create commercial enterprise names aimed at different age groups of consumers. The results of the work can be used in linguodidactics, for example, in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
LINGUISTIC HERITAGE
The article characterises the scientific legacy of Professor E. S. Skoblikova (1 June 1924 – 12 August 2016), a prominent Russian linguist, a specialist in modern Russian syntax, Russian dialectology, Russian orthography. The scientist authored monographs, university textbooks and manuals, series of articles on basic linguistic disciplines. She also compiled and edited the posthumous editions of university textbooks and fundamental scientific works of Professor A. N. Gvozdev, a corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR. The relevance of E. S. Skoblikova’s scientific works is determined by the distinctive feature of the theoretical and methodological orientation of her works, namely the adherence to the traditional approaches in resolving controversial issues and the interconnection of scientific and pedagogical thought. This principle remains significant in the conditions of the equally important principle of scientific pluralism.
CRITICISM AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHRONICLE
ISSN 2619-0966 (Online)