The article examines the distinctive features and semantic evolution of the conceptual sphere of methodological linguoculturology viewed as a mental construct. It is emerging at the intersection of scientific and methodological conceptions developed by linguoculturology experts representing different schools of thought and research traditions. The author substantiates the appropriateness of using the term conceptual sphere of methodological linguoculturology in Russian studies. The paper characterised its system properties such as multicomponent nature, structuredness, dynamism, invariance, and its potential for variable interpretation. Moreover, the article determined and in terpreted the methodological foundations of methodological linguoculturology as well as systematised its terminology and scientific apparatus. The forward-looking contribution of methodological linguoculturology to the theory and practice of Russian language teaching methodology at all educational levels is noted. Additionally, the study identified the main trends in the development of the latter. The research material included the latest (published in 2020–2025) monographs on anthropological and axiological methodology as well as scholarly articles relevant to it. The "conceptual sphere of methodological linguoculturology" was constructed based on theoretical modelling. The article also provides a methodological reflection on the content of the new concept

The article describes non-standard evaluative responses to the Russian adjectives bogatyi, bolnoi, veselyi, glupyi, umnyi, zhadnyi, slabyi (English rich, sick, cheerful, stupid, clever, greedy, weak). The aim is to dynamically analyse the strategies of such responses to relevant stimulus adjectives employed by modern teenagers. The study notes the changes that have occurred over the past twenty years in the choice of non-standard reactions to general literary stimuli among students of the same Omsk educational institutions. These processes are observed in the results of free association experiments that formed the basis of the "Adolescent’s Associative Dictionary" [Guts 2004] and the "Adolescent’s Associative Dictionary 2" [Guts 2023]. The experimental study methodology consisted in determining the frequency of evaluative responses in the associative field of the adjectival stimuli. Moreover, it included the identification of their location in the core, the peri-core part, and on the periphery; characterising the percentage ratio in each associative field segment; identifying the association strategy; comparing the obtained data. The chosen subject matter is relevant due to the widespread use of non-standard vocabulary in adolescents’ speech, as well as to the need to determine the role of such words in association processes and their relationship to other knowledge storage units. It is concluded that the relevance of the described response mechanism in association processes declined significantly. Such reactions were present in virtually all associative fields in 2002; however, they were only preserved in several fields in 2022.

The article reveals the educational potential of morphological analysis in studying homonyms across different parts of speech (POS) based on generalised POS knowledge. It also outlines the history of the issue, as well as the stages and techniques of comparative morphological analysis in Russian language lessons. The study utilised theoretical analysis of relevant scientific literature, comparative morphological analysis of linguistic units, observation of the teaching process, and analysis of best teaching practices. The article clarifies the meaning of the term of "grammatical (morphological) analysis" in relation to the goals of teaching Russian in the modern school. Moreover, it describes and discusses the possibilities of using this technique when studying grammatical homonyms (i. e., homonyms belonging to different parts of speech) in middle and secondary school. The paper gives examples of assignments designed to form and enhance skills in comparative morphological analysis of homonyms belonging to different parts of speech. Additionally, methodological explanatory notes on the tasks are provided.

The relevance of the article is determined by the need to clarify the nature of the creative continuity between Leo Tolstoy’s autobiographical trilogy and the early prose of L. N. Andreev employing linguopoetic analysis. The study aims to identify linguistic indicators of continuity and dialectical reinterpretation of Tolstoy’s consciousness representation model in Andreev’s early realistic short stories. The methodological framework of the research includes linguopoetic analysis and corpus linguistics methods, as well as the comparative typological approach used in literary studies. The empirical material was extracted from the main literary subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus. The article utilised frequency analysis, standardised lexeme counting, and qualitative interpretation of linguistic facts at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic-pragmatic levels. The study indicates that the texts of L. N. Tolstoy’s and L. N. Andreev’s works are characterised by a common set of introspective lexical markers. However, they differ in their functional distribution and syntactic organisation. In Tolstoy’s prose, inner experience is presented as a progressive process of comprehension, whereas in Andreev’s writings the dominant model is crisis-ridden, fragmented consciousness that captures uncertainty as a permanent state. The findings confirm the dialectical nature of the relationship between the representative forms of human consciousness in Tolstoy’s autobiographical trilogy and Andreev’s early short stories. Andreev’s early prose is formed in close dialogue with the classical realist tradition drawing on its linguistic means but radically transforming their functions and textual organisation. Tolstoy’s linguopoetic model of representing consciousness in Andreev’s early prose is not just reproduced but reinterpreted as a model of extreme inner tension. This reflects the change in artistic paradigms from realism to modernism and, in particular, to expressionism at the beginning of the 20th century.

The article analyses ontological metaphors representing the material embodiment of the abstract concept "Life". The study aims to demonstrate how Rozanov’s "attention to thingness" is manifested in his creating a particular metaphor type. His figures of speech are intended to convey the perception of life through a system of images received by the sensory organs. The relevance of the adopted approach for analysing the language of V. V. Rozanov’s trilogy "Solitaria", "Fallen Leaves", and "Fallen Leaves. The Second and the Last Box" is determined by the interest in the problem of "thingness". Moreover, though there are works focusing on the philosophical and literary aspects of Rozanov’s writings, one more reason is the lack of linguistic studies on this subject matter. The article used observation, contextual, componential, semantic-stylistic analysis and the "word-image" method. Studying ontological metaphors in the trilogy resulted in a general outline of the linguistic image of the world of the miniature short stories. This picture emerges from descriptions of natural, object-entity, anthropomorphic, "gastronomic", and other metaphors. The conclusion focuses attention on the linguistic expression of the foregrounded or created comparisons (nominal, verbal, adjectival). They are perceived through sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste receptors and structure life as spatial objects and so on.

This study is a natural continuation of the description of the lexical devices employed to create personification in V. Malenko’s poetic texts. The object of the analysis is the grammatical means of expressing personification in   his poems. The article aims to identify the structural semantic variants of these devices and to describe the conditions of their functioning which facilitate the personification of inanimate objects. The source material for this research was V. Malenko’s poetry collections "The Sea Rises in Different Ways" and "Electric Poems". To examine the linguistic material, we used structural-semantic, componential, and comparative analysis. The study shows that even though the lexical factor has the major role in creating the living world image, substantive prepositional-nominal forms are also actively involved in the process. They either directly express the semantics of the subject or contribute to its formation in inanimate nouns through the meanings of purpose, instrument, or compatibility. The personification function was identified in reflexive verbs with the meaning of reciprocal-reflexive action of persons as well as in imperative mood forms. These morphological devices function together within a specific syntactic structure which ensures the necessary semantic and grammatical connections between word forms. The specialised syntactic means of personification include constructions with subordinate clauses of purpose when the goal-setting subject is non-human as well as constructions with nouns of direct address and direct speech coming from an inanimate object or addressed to it. The semantic basis for such constructions often lies in the semantisation of the formal grammatical gender of inanimate nouns. The article concludes that personification semantics formation stems from the functional interaction between the lexical and grammatical language resources. The studied poetic discourse, whose elements reveal diverse semantic and figurative connections, convincingly demonstrates the field organisation of the animacy/inanimacy category. Moreover, the significance of a particular linguistic means type varies across different poetic texts.

The article presents the results of a multifaceted analysis of such word forms as v babushki which are classified differently by linguists. The author chose the term archaic accusative form. This form is used with verbs of various meanings (including those denoting physical and metaphorical movement) as well as with the noun kandidat (English candidate, MP). Animate nouns denoting a real or imagined group of people (united by their age, kinship, profession) comprise this group. The archaic accusative form is derived from proper nouns (through appellativisation) and from substantivised adjectival words. It is colloquial in nature and is widely used in spoken language, proverbs, fiction and opinion journalism. The archaic accusative form, along with the plural forms of the genitive and accusative cases, can be considered as part of the paradigm (iz letchikov – v letchiki – v letchikakh / English one of pilots – to become a pilot – to   be a pilot). This triad expresses the dynamic and static position of the subject relative to a group of persons. The article utilises a multifaceted analysis of the word form taking into account its syntagmatic and paradigmatic features, lexical and grammatical semantics, synonymy and stylistics. The research demonstrates the possibility of adverbialisation of the word forms iz gostei – v gosti – v gostyakh (English on the way home from somebody’s place – to pay a visit to – to be   on a visit) and their partial prepositionalisation in the phrases v gosti k – v gostyakh u (English to be on a visit to). The article also raises a question about the ways of expressing collectiveness, particularly the grammatical means, since one can speak of a reduced paradigm of collective plural forms.

The article examines Russian group vocatives, i. e., units that are used in the sphere of collective direct address and combine the functions of naming a group (plural) addressee and appealing to them. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a systematic description of the mechanisms of speech effect on a collective addressee. Another reason is the lack of research into group vocatives from the perspective of the dichotomy between "naming/appellativity". The article aims to analyse the naming and appellative nature of group vocatives as well as the mechanisms of their interaction, to consider transitional phenomena, and describe the group vocative types in accordance with the selected classification parameter. The research material included contexts of group vocatives extracted from the Russian National Corpus and texts from political, religious, digital, and everyday discourse. The study utilised descriptivemethods, contextual, componential, and discourse analysis. Depending on the dominant function, group vocatives can be divided into two types. These are naming vocatives (noun phrases identifying the addressee by various characteristic features) and appellative vocatives (interjections, imperatives, ritualised formulae aimed at group mobilisation). The study identified the specific discursive features in the implementation of these functions associated with particular means of expression. Thus, in digital discourse, naming and appealing can be realised through capitalisation, graphic and technical markers. In religious discourse the functions are performed using ritualised dialogic unities; in political discourse naming and appealing occur through ideologically charged names and rhetorical questions. Naming units were shown to be able to vary the degree of finiteness and distinctness of the group addressee from indefinite to specific, whereas appellatives more often denote abstract or implicitly specified addressees. The paper describes transitional phenomena in which naming units acquire appellative potential whilst appellatives perform the naming function. Moreover, the role of syntagmatics (the segmental structure of the core and its modifiers) as an indicator of the dominant function is established.

The article analyses changes in the letterhead conventions of business correspondence from the 19th to the 21st centuries. It examines the opening and closing elements of letters (salutations, greetings, closing lines and signatures) and their role in organising business communication. The research material included letter-writing guides and manuals on official and commercial correspondence from the 19th and early 20th centuries, Soviet office administration reference books, and modern guides for digital business communication. The study is relevant due to the changing norms of business written communication. The article aims to identify the main stages in the transformation of the functions and rules of using the letterhead in business correspondence. The modifications in the system of politeness formulas are assumed to be caused by socio-economic conditions, changes in the social norms of communication, and improvements in communication media. This article utilises comparative/contrastive and content analysis. The study found that in the 19th century, the letterhead was an essential part of a business letter. Moreover, it reflected the status relationship between the addresser and the addressee. During the Soviet period, the letterhead significantly declined in use as a result of official correspondence standardisation. In the post-Soviet period, there was a return to personalised forms of address and letter closing formulas. In the 21st century, the spread of electronic communication leads to greater variability and flexibility in the use of etiquette. The findings indicate a transition from a strictly regulated system of formulaic expressions to a more flexible model of business written communication. In the latter, the choice of phrases is determined by the communicative situation and the interaction channel.

The article aims to analyse the philological legacy of the outstanding Russian Slavist A. M. Selishchev (1886–1942) from the perspective of the sociological ideas which were relevant in linguistics in the 1920s–1930s. Another goal is to highlight the scientist’s contribution to the emergence of a new field of humanities research during the period of the growing influence of Marrism (the Japhetic theory). It is noted that A. M. Selishchev’s monograph "The language of the revolutionary era: From observations of the Russian language in recent years (1917–1926)" (1928) occupied a prominent place in the body of work on ethnolinguistic and sociolinguistic topics. The book systematised the existing shifts in communicative practice and provided their thorough assessment. This paper analyses the most illustrative monograph passages which demonstrate the informative, expressive, naming and aesthetic language functions in opinion journalism and literary texts, as well as in everyday speech. This study examines the debate between E. D. Polivanov and A. M. Selishchev. It characterises the personality of the scholar, who was a staunch opponent of Marrism. Drawing on documentary evidence, the article demonstrates how he upheld the scientific principles of language study. In this context, it discusses his uncompromising stance in the linguistic debate of the early 1930s which focused on his sociolinguistic ideas. The available evidence provided in the article confirms that A. M. Selishchev was preparing a revised and enlarged edition of the aforementioned study (he was going to add new chapters to it) under the title "Essays on the Russian language of the present epoch". The study used biographical, descriptive, source critical, sociolinguistic, comparative and historical-cultural methods. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance of A. M. Selishchev’s experiments for the further exploration of issues in diachronic and synchronic linguistics which are at the nexus of various disciplines. The paper also recognises the influence of the scientist’s ideas on modern science. The importance of searching for and publishing archival materials related to the life and work of A. M. Selishchev is emphasised. The study attempts to draw the attention of professional community to the needs of incorporating such sources into scientific and educational practice and establishing an objective picture of the development of Russian sociolinguistics in the first half of the 20th century.