Historical and linguistic component in the Russian language course as a means of dialogue of cultures (based on the material of Afanasy Nikitin’s "Journey Beyond Three Seas")

The development of the ability to understand a foreign culture is one of the important tasks of teaching Russian as a native and a foreign language. The authors aim to show the possibilities of solving this problem by referring to Old Russian texts that reflect the original axiological attitudes of the people. Particularly favorable ground for this is created by the text of Afanasy Nikitin’s "Journey Beyond Three Seas", which is a relevant object of research in modern humanities. The article highlights the features of the content and language of this work, which should be given special attention in connection with the specified goal-setting. The study used the methods of observation, historical commentary, comparative and contrastive and contextual analysis. "Journey Beyond Three Seas" is considered as an example of a folk literary text of a multicultural and multilingual nature. These characteristics of the text are expressed through the interaction of lexical units denoting the realities of "one’s own" and "foreign" world; comparative and contrastive constructions; lexical and semantic groups of toponyms and anthroponyms; nominations of Orthodox holidays as a means of calculating time; foreign-language inclusions in the Old Russian text. Particular attention is paid to the image of the author-narrator, his linguistic ethics is noted – an internal linguistic sense that determines the style of the work and reflects the spiritual culture of the individual. The religious tolerance of the author-narrator is emphasized, who, while remaining faithful to Orthodoxy, expresses the idea of the one God of people of different cultures. The educational potential of the text is revealed, which can be used as an integrative didactic material. The following forms of work with the translated and original text are proposed: historical and linguistic commentary, work with etymological and historical dictionaries to establish related and unrelated connections between the language units used in "Journey Beyond Three Seas", analysis of onomastic vocabulary in order to form and deepen regional studies and linguacultural competencies. It is concluded that working with historical and linguistic material can promote mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures and strengthen the historical memory of young native speakers of Russian.

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