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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">riash</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Русский язык в школе</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian language at school</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0131-6141</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0966</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Company "Our Language"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30515/0131-6141-2024-85-1-106-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">riash-2051</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В МИРЕ СЛОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IN THE WORLD OF WORDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Учитель-проводник, или К вопросу о семантике слова наставник в XVIII столетии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Both teacher and guide, or On the meaning of the word nastavnik (tutor) in the 18th century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5782-8093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Геннадьевич Соколов, соискатель</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny G. Sokolov, applicant</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pan_liwerij@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт лингвистических исследований, Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Company "Our Language", 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Company "Our Language"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Company "Our Language"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.riash.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.riash.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.riash.ru/jour/article/view/2051">https://www.riash.ru/jour/article/view/2051</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена описанию одного из аспектов значения лексемы наставник в русском языке XVIII в. На материале письменных памятников показано, что в XVIII в. упомянутое слово всё еще сохраняло связь с образом проводника, предводителя, помощника в дороге, характерную для его более ранних употреблений. Эта связь особенно заметна в памятниках религиозной словесности, а также в переводах с иностранных языков и в двуязычных словарях. Однако и всветских письменных памятниках не лексикографического характера примеры указанного свойства также встречаются. Выявлена недостаточная разработка семантической структуры статьи наставник в «Словаре русского языка XVIII века», в которой указанный компонент значения полностью игнорируется.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article we make an attempt to describe one of the semantic aspects of the word nastavnik in the18th century Russian language. Using text sources we demonstrate that in the 18th century the word in question was till somehow related to the idea of a guide, pathfinder, fellow traveler, which had been characteristic of its earlier occurences. This fact is particularly well documented in religious writings as well as in translations and bilingual dictionaries. Nevertheless, secular non-lexicographic text monuments of the time also feature some of the examples in question. We also claim that the semantic structure of the corresponding article in the "Dictionary of the 18th century Russian language "should be revised in order to include the aforementioned component of meaning.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лексическая семантика</kwd><kwd>семантическая структура</kwd><kwd>историческая лексикология</kwd><kwd>переносное значение</kwd><kwd>семантические изменения</kwd><kwd>XVIII век</kwd><kwd>лексикография</kwd><kwd>двуязычные словари</kwd><kwd>переводы</kwd><kwd>религиозная литература</kwd><kwd>история русского языка</kwd><kwd>синонимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lexical semantics</kwd><kwd>semantic structure</kwd><kwd>historical lexicology</kwd><kwd>metaphorical meaning</kwd><kwd>semantic shift</kwd><kwd>18th century</kwd><kwd>lexicography</kwd><kwd>bilingual dictionaries</kwd><kwd>translations</kwd><kwd>religious writings</kwd><kwd>history of the Russian language</kwd><kwd>synonymy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архиепископ Феофан (Прокопович). 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