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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">riash</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Русский язык в школе</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian language at school</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0131-6141</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0966</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Company "Our Language"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30515/0131-6141-2022-83-1-87-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">riash-1619</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЕ НАСЛЕДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTIC HERITAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Российская грамматика» М. В. Ломоносова – первый свод правил русского правописания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M. V. Lomonosov’s "Russian Grammar" as the first rulebook of Russian orthography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-7804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каверина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaverina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Витальевна Каверина, доктор филологических наук, профессор, кафедра русского языка</p><p>г. Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya V. Kaverina, Dr. of Sci. (Philol.), Professor, Department of Russian Language</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaverina1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>83</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Company "Our Language", 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Company "Our Language"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Company "Our Language"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.riash.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.riash.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.riash.ru/jour/article/view/1619">https://www.riash.ru/jour/article/view/1619</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья имеет целью на основании анализа изданий «Российской грамматики» 1757 и 1765 г. рассмотреть орфографическую программу М. В. Ломоносова и конкретные правила правописания, изложенные в грамматическом сочинении. Важная задача статьи – проследить влияние ломоносовских правил на орфографическую практику XVIII–XIX столетий и труды последователей великого ученого. В результате исследования установлено, насколько велико значение трудов Ломоносова для формирования орфографических норм русского литературного языка. Не все правила, предписанные в грамматике, были поддержаны узусом и выдержали испытание временем (например, включение приставки с- в правило о префиксах на з-). Однако главной заслугой ученого стало то, что им были заложены основы норм правописания русского литературного языка: впервые сформулированы главные принципы орфографии, установлено твердое правило правописания корней «по произвождению», выдвинуто требование единообразной передачи приставок и суффиксов, регламентирована орфография русских окончаний, в отличие от церковнославянских. Нормы, определенные в «Российской грамматике», легли в основу всех позднейших сводов правил русского правописания и не теряют актуальности в настоящее время.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper analyses the 1757 and 1765 editions of "Russian Grammar" and on this basis aims to formulate M. V. Lomonosov’s orthographic program as well as specific spelling rules set forth in his grammatical piece of work. An important objective of this research is to trace the influence of the Lomonosov rules on the orthographic practice in the XVIIIth–XIXth centuries and works by the great scientist’s followers. As a result, the study identified the enormous significance of Lomonosov’s works for the formation of the Russian literary language spelling standards. Not all rules prescribed in the Grammar were supported in common usage and stood the test of time, for instance, including the prefix s- (Russian с-) to the rule concerning the prefixes ending in z- (Russian з-). Nonetheless, the scientist deserves much credit as he laid the fundamental groundwork for the Russian literary language spelling standards. M. V. Lomonosov was the first to formulate the basic orthographic principles; he made it a rule to spell roots according to their derivation ("po proizvozhdeniyu"); in addition, the scientist insisted on the uniformity of spelling prefixes and suffixes; finally, he suggested standardising the spelling of Russian endings by contrast with Church Slavonic ones. The norms prescribed in the "Russian Grammar" treatise underpin all the later Russian spelling rulebooks and are still relevant nowadays.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>М. В. Ломоносов</kwd><kwd>русская орфография XVIII в.</kwd><kwd>правила правописания</kwd><kwd>узус и кодификация русского письма</kwd><kwd>орфографическая норма</kwd><kwd>азбука</kwd><kwd>орфограмма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>M. V. 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