<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">riash</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Русский язык в школе</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian language at school</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0131-6141</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0966</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Company "Our Language"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30515/0131-6141-2019-80-5-72-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">riash-1170</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В МИРЕ СЛОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IN THE WORLD OF WORDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наречие обязательно в круговороте языка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Adverb Necessarily (Obyazatelno) in a Whirlwind of the Russian Language</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Васильевич Зеленин - доктор филологических наук, лектор, факультет информационных технологий и коммуникационных наук.</p><p>Kalevantie, 4, Tampere, 33100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Zelenin - Doc. of Sci. (Philol.), lector, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences.</p><p>Kalevantie, 4, Tampere, 33100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandr.zelenin@tuni.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руднев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudnev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Владимирович Руднев - доктор филологических наук, доцент, кафедра русского языка, филологический факультет.</p><p>Университетская набережная, д. 11, Санкт-Петербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Rudnev - Associate Professor, Department of Russian Language, Faculty of Philology.</p><p>11 University Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudnevd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Тампере</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tampereen yliopisto</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Company "Our Language", 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Company "Our Language"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Company "Our Language"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.riash.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.riash.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.riash.ru/jour/article/view/1170">https://www.riash.ru/jour/article/view/1170</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи - представить историю наречия обязательно как доминанты синонимического ряда со значением обязательности (облигаторности). Методами изучения являются описательный, сравнительно-исторический и метод лексико-семантической реконструкции. Наречие обязательно в русском языке - лексико-словообразовательная калька, возникшая в XVIII в. с фр. obligeament или нем. unverbindlich и имевшая значение 'ласково, вежливо, учтиво'. В 1830-1840-е гг. произошло новое заимствование значения 'непременно, безусловно' из немецкого языка в жанрах и стилях (правоведение, делопроизводство, военное дело, наука), в формировании которых наиболее сильно было влияние немецкого языка. Вплоть до конца XIX в. оба значения употреблялись как лексические омонимы, входя в разные смысловые ряды синонимов. К 1950-м гг наречие обязательно окончательно заняло место доминанты в ряду синонимов со значением обязательности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the article is to present the history of adverbs as the synonym dominant in the meaning of obligatory. The methods of study are descriptive, comparative-historical methods as well as the method of lexical semantic reconstruction. In the Russian language the adverb necessarily is a lexical word-building calque, which was translated appeared in the XVIII century from the French obligeament or Germ. unverbindlich. It had the meaning 'affectionately, politely, courteously'. From the 1830-1840s, the adverb necessarily started began to be used in the changed meaning of 'certainly, unconditionally' in those genres and styles (law, office work, military science, science), which had the German influence. Both meanings were used as lexical homonyms, belonging to different semantic groups of synonyms. By the 1950s, the adverb necessarily finally took the place of the dominant in the group of synonyms with the meaning of necessity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>облигаторность</kwd><kwd>синоним</kwd><kwd>доминанта</kwd><kwd>калькирование</kwd><kwd>наречие</kwd><kwd>модальность</kwd><kwd>лексико-семантическое словообразование</kwd><kwd>прагматика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obligatoreness</kwd><kwd>dominant synonym</kwd><kwd>calque</kwd><kwd>adverb</kwd><kwd>modality</kwd><kwd>lexical and semantic word building</kwd><kwd>pragmatics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пеньковский А.Б. Очерки по русской семантике. — М., 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pen’kovskii A.B. Essays on Russian semantics. Moscow, 2004. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савёлова Л.А. Семантические классы сленговых наречий / Вестник Вятского государственного гуманитарного университета. — Киров, 2008. - № 2. - С. 71-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savelova L.A. Semantic classes of slang adverbs. In Vestnik Vyatskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Vyatka state humanitarian university]. Kirov, 2008. No. 2. pp. 71-75. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стародумова Е.А. Слово «обязательно»: грамматика и прагматика / Избранные работы: описание русских частиц, словарные статьи, синтаксис художественной прозы. - Владивосток, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starodumova E.A. The word «obligatory»: grammar and pragmatics. In Izbrannye raboty: opisanie russkikh chastits, slovarnye stat’i, sintaksis khudozhestvennoi prozy [Selected works: description of Russian particles, vocabulary entries, syntax of artistic prose]. Vladivostok, 2011. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харченко С.Ю. Функционирование наречий в устной речи диалектоносителей // Вестник Волгоградского государственного ун-та. Сер. 2: Языкознание. — Волгоград, 2013. — № 1 (17). — С. 51-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharchenko S. Yu. The functioning of adverbs in the spoken dialect carriers. In Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. 2: Yazykoznanie [Bulletin of the Volgograd state university. Ser.2: Linguistics]. Volgograd, 2013, No. 1 (17), pp. 51-56. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуковский К.И. От двух до пяти. Живой как жизнь. - М., 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chukovskii K.I. From two to five. Live like life. Moscow, 1968. (In Rus.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
